Meiwa Kumquat (Citrus crassifolia 'Meiwa')
Common Names: Meiwa Kumquat, Sweet Kumquat
Family: Rutaceae
Origin: China
The Meiwa Kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) is a delightful semi-dwarf, cold hardy citrus variety known for its sweet, juicy flavor and edible skin, making it a popular choice among kumquat enthusiasts. Unlike other kumquat varieties, the Meiwa is distinguished by its balanced sweetness and low acidity, offering a perfect blend of flavors in each bite-sized fruit. This small, evergreen tree is not only a prolific fruit producer but also an attractive ornamental plant, ideal for both garden planting and container growing.
Distinctive Features and Uses
Fruits: Meiwa Kumquats are small, round, and typically measure about 1 inch in diameter. The thin, bright orange skin is sweet and edible, while the flesh inside is juicy with a mild tangy flavor. The overall taste is sweeter than that of other kumquat varieties, making it enjoyable to eat the fruit whole, straight off the tree, rind and all! The rind also has a little spice to it, making this one unique and tasty citrus! Meiwa Kumquats are perfect for snacking, garnishing, making marmalades, or adding a citrusy twist to salads and desserts.
Leaves: The tree has dark green, glossy leaves that are evergreen, adding a lush, vibrant appearance to any garden or patio. The foliage is aromatic, releasing a pleasant citrus scent when crushed.
Growth Habit: Meiwa Kumquat trees are compact and bushy, typically growing 6-10 feet tall, though they can be pruned to maintain a smaller size, especially when grown in containers. The tree is highly productive, often yielding fruit in winter and early spring.
Planting Location and Soil Preparation
Choose a sunny location for your citrus tree that receives at least 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Well-draining soil is essential to prevent waterlogged roots. If your soil is heavy or clay-like, consider amending it with compost to improve drainage. Citrus trees a particularly high demand for nitrogen.
Planting Your Citrus Tree
Plant your citrus tree any time of the year. Follow these steps:
- Dig a hole that is twice the width of the root ball and just as deep.
- Gently remove the tree from its container and loosen the roots.
- Place the tree in the hole at the same depth it was in the container and backfill with soil.
- Water thoroughly to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets.
Watering
Proper watering is vital for healthy citrus trees. Water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. During the growing season, water every 1-2 weeks, allowing the top few inches of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering frequency during winter.
Fertilizing
Citrus trees have specific nutritional needs and a particularly high demand for nitrogen. Feed your tree with a balanced citrus fertilizer or a granular fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 2:1:1. Apply fertilizer every 6-8 weeks from spring to early fall, reducing or stopping during winter.
Pruning
Regular pruning maintains the shape, health, and fruit production of your citrus tree. Prune to:
- Remove dead or diseased branches.
- Thin out overcrowded growth.
- Open the canopy to sunlight and air circulation.
- Shape the tree for better aesthetics and easier harvesting.
Pest and Disease Management
Keep a close eye on your citrus trees for signs of pests or diseases. Common pests include aphids, scales, and mites. Monitor for citrus-specific diseases like citrus canker and huanglongbing (citrus greening). Use organic pest control methods whenever possible.
Frost Protection
If you live in an area prone to frost, take precautions to protect your citrus trees until they are well-established. Cover them with frost cloth or blankets when frost is expected, and consider moving potted citrus indoors during colder months.
Mulching
Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of your citrus tree to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil health. Keep the mulch away from the trunk to prevent rot.
Harvesting Citrus Fruits
Harvest your citrus fruits when they are fully ripe. Different varieties have varying ripening times, usually ranging from several months to a year. Fruits should be firm, fully colored, and easy to detach from the tree. Use pruning shears or a sharp knife to cut the fruit, leaving a small stem attached.
By following this comprehensive growing guide, you'll be well-equipped to nurture healthy and fruitful citrus trees that provide you with a continuous supply of delectable and nutritious citrus delights.
Happy citrus tree growing!
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type | Evergreen Fruit Tree |
| Harvest Season | Late Fall to Early Spring (sometimes into summer) |
| Mature Size | 6-10 feet tall, 4-6 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture | Well-draining, sandy loam soil; moderate moisture with good drainage |
| Light Requirements | Full Sun |
| Growth Rate | Slow to Moderate |
| Self-fertile | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness | Outdoors 8-11 depending on variety; Patio/Greenhouse 4+ |
| Propagation | Grafted and capable of producing fruit this growing season or in up to 2-3 years. |
Full Growing Guide
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Climate: Meiwa Kumquats thrive in warm, sunny climates and are best suited for USDA hardiness zones 8-11. They are more cold-tolerant than many other citrus trees and can withstand temperatures down to 20°F, making them a good option for cooler climates. In colder regions, they can be grown in containers and brought indoors during the winter.
- Soil: Meiwa Kumquats prefer well-draining, sandy loam soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). The tree benefits from soil enriched with organic matter, such as compost, to improve fertility and moisture retention while ensuring good drainage.
Planting
- Location: Choose a sunny location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Meiwa Kumquats perform best in full sun, which is essential for healthy growth and abundant fruit production.
- Soil Preparation: Prepare the soil by loosening it and mixing in compost or organic matter to enhance fertility and drainage.
- Planting Time: Plant in the spring after the last frost, when the soil has warmed up. In warmer regions, fall planting can also be suitable.
- Spacing: Space trees 4-6 feet apart if planting in the ground, or use a large container with adequate drainage if growing in pots.
Watering
- Consistent Moisture: Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Meiwa Kumquats require moderate watering, especially during dry spells, but should not be overwatered.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Sunlight and Fertilizing
- Full Sun: Ensure the tree receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and fruit production.
- Fertilizing: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to promote healthy growth. Supplement with a citrus-specific fertilizer during the growing season to support fruit development. Fertilize every 6-8 weeks during the growing season for best results.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Routine Pruning: Prune the tree in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the tree. Regular pruning helps to maintain a manageable size and promotes better air circulation and light penetration.
- Maintenance: Meiwa Kumquat trees are relatively low-maintenance once established. Keep the area around the tree clear of weeds and debris to prevent pests and diseases.
Pest and Disease Management
- Common Pests: Watch for pests such as aphids, scale, and citrus leafminers. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations as needed.
- Diseases: Meiwa Kumquat trees are relatively disease-resistant, but proper care will help prevent common issues such as root rot and fungal leaf spots. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to minimize disease risk.
Harvesting Meiwa Kumquats
When to Harvest:
- Meiwa Kumquats typically ripen from late fall to early spring, though in warmer climates, they can continue producing fruit into the summer. The fruit is ready to harvest when it turns bright orange and is slightly soft to the touch.
How to Use:
- Meiwa Kumquats are best enjoyed whole, as the sweet skin balances the tangy flesh. They can also be used in marmalades, preserves, or as a garnish for cocktails and desserts. The fruit’s versatility makes it a delightful addition to many dishes, adding a burst of citrus flavor.
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