Pond Apple (Annona glabra)
Resilient Wetland Fruit Tree
Common Names: Pond Apple, Alligator Apple, Swamp Apple, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood, Custard Apple, Wild Custard Apple
Family: Annonaceae
Origin: Tropical Americas, including the Caribbean, Florida, Central, and South America
Pond Apple (Annona glabra) is a unique tropical fruit tree that thrives in wetlands and swampy areas, making it highly adaptable to waterlogged soils where few other fruit trees can survive. Native to tropical regions of the Americas, the Pond Apple produces small, greenish-yellow fruits with a sweet, mild flavor. Although the fruits are not widely cultivated for commercial use, they are consumed locally in some areas and play an essential ecological role in supporting wildlife. The tree is fast-growing, resilient, and an important part of wetland ecosystems, making it a valuable addition to tropical gardens, especially in waterlogged environments.
Distinctive Features, Uses, and Ecological Importance
Fruits: The fruits of the Pond Apple are round to oval, greenish-yellow when ripe, and about the size of a small mango. The flesh inside is soft, white, and slightly sweet, though its flavor can be somewhat bland compared to other Annona species. The fruit contains numerous seeds and is sometimes used to make jams, jellies, or beverages. It is also a key food source for wildlife, including alligators, hence its nickname “Alligator Apple.”
Foliage: The tree has large, leathery, glossy green leaves that are elongated and lance-shaped, giving it a lush, tropical appearance.
Growth Habit: Pond Apple is a fast-growing, evergreen tree that can reach heights of 20-40 feet, with a broad, spreading canopy. Its ability to tolerate waterlogged soils makes it an ideal choice for wetlands, swamps, and flood-prone areas.
Ecological and Traditional Uses
Pond Apple plays an important role in tropical ecosystems, providing food for wildlife, including birds, fish, and reptiles. The tree’s dense root system helps stabilize wetland soils, reducing erosion and improving water quality. Traditionally, parts of the tree, such as the leaves and bark, have been used in folk medicine for their potential medicinal properties, including treating fevers and digestive issues.
Plant Type:
Tropical/Subtropical Evergreen or Semi-Deciduous Fruit Tree/Shrub
Harvest Season:
Late-Summer, Fall
Mature Size:
Up to 35 feet
Soil & Moisture:
Rich, well-drained soil with light acidity suit these warm-weather plants best. Provide regular moisture and humidity, but be careful not to over water. Annona's are intolerable to water-logging. Requires deep watering during growing/fruiting seasons and less during winter dormancy.
Light Requirements:
Full Sun, Part Shade
Overall, expect best fruit production with more sun
Self-Fertile:
Yes
Growth Rate:
Fast, Medium
Zone Hardiness:
Outdoors 9-11 (frost protection until established); Patio/Greenhouse 4+
Annona's (especially Soursop) may defoliate during the winter in subtropical regions (40 degrees or lower), but remain evergreen in their native deep tropical habitats. Sugar Apples are generally tolerant to 28 degrees, whereas some Annona's like Soursop will need more cold protection if growing outdoors in Zone 9.
Propagation:
Our Annonas are grown from seed and air-layering and are capable of fruiting within 2-5 years.
See More:
Annona (from Taíno annon) is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/sugar apple family, Annonaceae. The generic name derives from anón, a Hispaniolan Taíno word for the fruit.
Our Annona varieties include Sugar Apples, Red Custard Apple, Soursop, Pond Apple, and Cherimoya fruit trees.
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type: | Perennial Evergreen Fruit Tree |
| Harvest Season: | Late Summer to Fall |
| Mature Size: | 20-40 feet tall, 20-30 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture: | Waterlogged, well-draining soil; tolerates standing water |
| Light Requirements: | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Growth Rate: | Fast |
| Self-fertile: | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness: | Outdoors 9/10-11; Patio/Greenhouse 4+; Grown in large containers indoors in cooler zones |
| Propagation: | Grown from seed, capable of fruiting within 3-4 years after planting. |
Growing Guide for Pond Apple
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Climate: Pond Apple thrives in warm, tropical to subtropical climates and is best suited for USDA hardiness zones 10-11. It is highly adaptable to wet, swampy conditions and can survive in areas with standing water, such as wetlands and floodplains. The tree can tolerate brief periods of cold but does not withstand frost.
- Soil: The tree prefers waterlogged, well-draining soil but can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It thrives in areas with poor drainage where other fruit trees struggle to survive.
Planting
- Location: Choose a spot with full sun or partial shade. Pond Apple grows best in sunny locations but can tolerate some shade.
- Soil Preparation: Little soil preparation is needed for Pond Apple, as it adapts well to poor and waterlogged soils. However, ensure the site is moist or wet year-round.
- Planting Time: Plant in spring or early summer when temperatures are warm.
- Spacing: Space trees 20-30 feet apart to allow for their broad, spreading canopy.
Watering
- Constant Moisture: Pond Apple thrives in wet or waterlogged conditions and can tolerate standing water. It does not need additional watering in wet areas, but in drier regions, ensure the soil remains consistently moist.
Sunlight and Fertilizing
- Full Sun to Partial Shade: Provide the tree with at least 6 hours of sunlight daily for optimal growth, although it can tolerate partial shade.
- Fertilizing: Pond Apple is relatively low-maintenance and does not require heavy fertilization. However, applying a balanced fertilizer once a year can help support healthy growth and fruiting.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Low Maintenance: Pond Apple requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead or damaged branches to maintain shape and health. If growing in a home garden, occasional trimming can help control its size and shape.
- Flood Tolerance: This tree is well-suited to areas prone to flooding or with poor drainage, making it a resilient choice for tropical gardens with waterlogged soils.
Pest and Disease Management
- Common Pests: Pond Apple is relatively pest-resistant but may attract aphids or scale in some areas. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage infestations.
- Diseases: The tree is generally disease-resistant but may suffer from fungal issues if the soil remains too dry. Ensure the tree is planted in a moist or wet environment for optimal health.
Harvesting Pond Apples
When to Harvest:
- Pond Apples are typically harvested in late summer to fall when the fruits turn yellowish-green and are slightly soft to the touch. The fruit should be picked when fully ripe for the best flavor.
How to Use:
- The fruits can be eaten fresh but are more commonly used in jams, jellies, or beverages. They are also important for wildlife, so if planted in a natural area, the fruit can be left to feed local animals.
