Red Abyssinian (Ensete ventricosum 'Maurelii')
Common Names: Red Abyssinian Banana, Red Banana, Abyssinian Banana
Family: Musaceae
Origin: East Africa
The Red Abyssinian Banana (Ensete ventricosum 'Maurelii') is not just a striking ornamental plant; it also offers an edible root, making it a valuable addition to any garden. Native to the highlands of East Africa, this plant is known for its broad, vibrant leaves that showcase deep red and burgundy hues, as well as its starchy, edible corm (root), which has been a traditional food source in its native regions. The Red Abyssinian Banana combines visual appeal with practical benefits, making it a unique and useful plant to grow.
Distinctive Features and Uses
Edible Root: The corm of the Red Abyssinian Banana is a starchy, tuberous root that has been used as a food source in East Africa for centuries. Once mature, the root can be harvested, cooked, and consumed. It is typically boiled, steamed, or roasted and is valued for its nutritional content, particularly as a source of carbohydrates. The root is dense and filling, similar in texture to a yam or potato, and can be a versatile ingredient in various dishes.
Leaves: While the root is the edible part, the plant’s large, paddle-shaped leaves are its most visible feature. The deep red and green leaves can reach up to 10 feet in length, adding dramatic color and texture to the landscape.
Growth Habit: The Red Abyssinian Banana can grow up to 10-15 feet tall, with a wide spread of 8-10 feet. It is a fast-growing plant that thrives in warm climates, making it a focal point in gardens or as part of a tropical landscape.
Fun Fact: Native to Eastern Africa, Abyssinia is actually an older name for Ethiopia, which, along with Kenya, is the heart of what we now call East Africa.
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type |
Perennial Fruiting Plant / Ornamental Plant |
| Harvest Season |
Varies by variety; typically year-round in suitable climates |
| Mature Size |
6-25 feet tall, depending on the variety; 6-10 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture |
Rich, well-draining soil; consistently moist but not waterlogged |
| Light Requirements |
Full Sun to Partial Shade (depending on the variety) |
| Growth Rate | Fast |
| Self-fertile | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness | Outdoors 9-11; Patio/Greenhouse 4+ |
| Propagation |
Grown from tissue culture, offsets (pups), or rhizome divisions; most varieties produce pups within a growing season, and mature plants can fruit within 9-20 months depending on the size and variety. |
Full Growing Guide
Did you know? The banana plant is actually an evergreen perennial fruiting herb, not a tree! The large ‘trunk’ is actually a pseudostem, which is made of bulky, leafy layers that emerge and wither over time. Banana plants are fast-growing, and prone to reproducing new plants through mini clones known as suckers.
Banana plants are a striking addition to any garden, offering lush foliage and, in some varieties, delicious fruit. While Sow Exotic carries a diverse range of banana varieties, from the rare and exotic to the more common types, the general care for banana plants is quite similar across the board. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you nurture these tropical beauties, ensuring they thrive in your garden.
Climate and Sunlight
Bananas are tropical and subtropical plants, thriving in warm climates with plenty of sunlight. They prefer full sun, receiving at least 6-8 hours of direct light each day. However, some varieties can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates where too much direct sun can scorch the leaves. For those in cooler regions, growing bananas in pots that can be moved indoors during the colder months is an ideal solution.
Soil Requirements
Banana plants prefer rich, well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7.0). Amending your soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can help create the ideal growing environment. Good drainage is crucial, as banana plants are susceptible to root rot if left in waterlogged conditions. Bananas like to be planted high on a mound in rich, moist but well-drained, nitrogen-rich soil, and humid conditions similar to their native tropical and subtropical regions. In well-drained soil, bananas can almost never get too much water, sunlight, and nutrients. Water regularly to maintain leaves and promote fruit production.
Watering Needs
Thrives in ample humidity! Bananas are water-loving plants, requiring consistent moisture to thrive. Water deeply and regularly, ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain soil moisture and keep the roots cool. During the hottest parts of the year, you may need to water more frequently to prevent the soil from drying out. However, avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Bananas are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar, applying it every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. You can also supplement with organic options like compost tea, fish emulsion, or well-aged manure to provide additional nutrients. Be sure to water the plant thoroughly after fertilizing to prevent root burn.
Mature Size
Really varies depending on variety. Some dwarf banana varieties grow only to 2-3 ft where other banana types reach up to 40 ft tall. Most banana plants can be grown easily in containers and overwintered indoors if needed. We recommend a minimum 7 gal. planter size. Banana plants are fast-growing, and prone to reproducing new plants through mini clones known as suckers.
Pruning and Maintenance
Banana plants require minimal pruning. Remove any dead or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy and attractive. After a banana plant produces fruit, it will die back. Cut the spent pseudostem (the trunk-like structure) to the ground level to allow space for new pups (offshoots) to grow. It's essential to manage these pups by allowing only the strongest ones to mature, as overcrowding can reduce fruit production.
Pests and Diseases
Banana plants can be susceptible to pests like aphids, spider mites, and banana weevils. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of infestation and treat them promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil if needed. Diseases such as Panama disease or banana bunchy top virus can also affect bananas, so it's crucial to source your plants from reputable suppliers like Sow Exotic and to maintain good garden hygiene.
Harvesting
For fruiting varieties, bananas are typically ready to harvest 75-80 days after flowering. Harvest the bunch when the fruits are full-sized but still green. They will ripen off the plant. Cut the entire stalk with a sharp knife and hang it in a cool, shaded area to allow the bananas to ripen evenly. Some ornamental varieties may not produce edible fruit, but their vibrant foliage and unique flowers are enough to make them a garden centerpiece.
Harvest can be year-round, but most predominantly in the warm summer months. With good care, bananas are capable of producing fruit within the first 15-18 months of planting. It will take 9-15 months before the tree starts flowering and an additional 2-6 months before the bananas are ready to be picked. (Expect approximately 3-6 months less time from planting to fruit for Banana plants in our XL Pot Size)
Final Tips
Whether you're growing bananas for their fruit or ornamental value, providing the right care will ensure they thrive and bring a touch of the tropics to your garden. Pair this general guide with the specific care instructions for your chosen variety to maximize your success. Happy gardening!
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type | Edible Perennial |
| Harvest Season | Year-round |
| Mature Size | 10-15 feet tall, 8-10 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture | Well-draining, fertile soil; regular watering to keep soil consistently mois |
| Light Requirements | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Growth Rate | Fast |
| Self-fertile | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness | Outdoors 9-11; Patio/Greenhouse 8+ |
| Propagation | Grown from tissue culture or offsets (pups) or rhizome divisions; fast-growing and capable of producing pups within a growing season. Banana plants in our medium/large sizes are capable of fruiting within 9-20 months, where our x-large size may produce faster. |
Full Growing Guide
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Climate: The Red Abyssinian Banana thrives in warm, humid climates and is best suited for USDA hardiness zones 9-11. It can tolerate cooler temperatures but is sensitive to frost, making it ideal for subtropical regions or as a container plant in temperate zones where it can be moved indoors during winter.
- Soil: Prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0) is ideal. The soil should retain moisture but drain well to prevent root rot.
Planting
- Location: Choose a sunny location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. In hotter climates, some afternoon shade can help protect the leaves from scorching.
- Soil Preparation: Amend the planting area with compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility and drainage.
- Planting Time: Plant in the spring after the last frost, when the soil has warmed up. If planting in containers, choose a large pot with adequate drainage holes.
- Spacing: Space plants 8-10 feet apart to allow for their large size and broad spread.
Watering
- Consistent Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. The Red Abyssinian Banana requires regular watering, especially during hot, dry weather. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, as this can stress the plant and hinder root development.
- Mulching: Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Sunlight and Fertilizing
- Full Sun to Partial Shade: Ensure the plant receives at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. In extremely hot climates, some partial shade in the afternoon can help prevent leaf scorch.
- Fertilizing: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to promote vigorous growth. Supplement with additional feedings during the growing season, as the plant is a heavy feeder and will benefit from regular applications of compost or liquid fertilizer.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Routine Pruning: Remove any dead or damaged leaves regularly to keep the plant looking its best and to encourage new growth. As the plant matures, cut back old leaves at the base to maintain a tidy appearance.
- Winter Care: In cooler zones, the Red Abyssinian Banana should be brought indoors or into a greenhouse before the first frost. It can be cut back and overwintered in a cool, frost-free location, with reduced watering to keep the soil just barely moist.
Harvesting the Edible Root
- When to Harvest: The corm or root of the Red Abyssinian Banana can be harvested once the plant is mature, typically after 2-3 years of growth. The root is best harvested in late fall or early winter.
- How to Harvest: Carefully dig around the base of the plant to expose the corm. Use a sharp knife or garden spade to cut the corm away from the plant. The harvested root can be cleaned, peeled, and cooked like a potato or yam.
