Noni (Morinda citrifolia)
Powerful Medicinal Fruit Tree of the Tropics
Common Names: Noni, Indian Mulberry, Cheese Fruit, Canarywood Hog Apple, Morinda
Family: Rubiaceae
Origin: Southeast Asia and Australasia
Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is a tropical fruit tree known for its small, bumpy fruits that have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, the Noni tree is highly valued for its potent medicinal properties. The fruits are packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals and are often juiced or used to make supplements that support immune health, digestion, and overall wellness. While the fruit's odor and taste can be strong and pungent, Noni is widely recognized for its health-boosting properties. The tree is hardy and easy to grow in tropical and subtropical climates, making it an excellent addition to medicinal gardens.
Distinctive Features, Uses, and Nutritional Value
Fruits: Noni fruits are oval-shaped and about the size of a potato. They have a bumpy, greenish-white skin that turns translucent as they ripen. The fruit is known for its strong, pungent odor, often compared to cheese or overripe fruit, and has a bitter taste. Despite this, Noni is rich in antioxidants, vitamins C and A, potassium, and other beneficial compounds. It is primarily consumed as juice or in powdered form for its purported medicinal benefits, including immune support, anti-inflammatory properties, and digestive health.
Foliage: The tree has large, glossy, dark green leaves that give it a lush, tropical appearance. The broad leaves are oval and create a dense canopy, making the tree a beautiful ornamental addition to tropical gardens.
Growth Habit: Noni is a fast-growing, evergreen tree that can reach heights of 10-20 feet. It thrives in tropical environments and produces fruit year-round in warm climates, making it highly productive and valuable for medicinal purposes.
Traditional and Medicinal Uses
Noni has been used for centuries in traditional Polynesian and Southeast Asian medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including infections, digestive issues, and skin problems. Noni juice, which is made by fermenting the fruit, is believed to boost the immune system, reduce inflammation, and promote general wellness. The fruit is also used in modern herbal supplements and skincare products due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type: | Perennial Tropical Fruit Tree |
| Harvest Season: | Year-round in tropical climates |
| Mature Size: | 10-20 feet tall, 6-10 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture: | Well-draining, sandy or loamy soil; moderate watering |
| Light Requirements: | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Growth Rate: | Fast |
| Self-fertile: | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness: | Outdoors 9-11; Patio/Greenhouse 4+; Grown as a container plant in cooler zones |
| Propagation: | Our Medium pot size plants are grown from seeds or cuttings; fruit production begins within 2-3 years after planting. Our X-Large pot size plants are capable of fruiting now. |
Growing Guide for Noni
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Climate: Noni thrives in warm, humid tropical climates and is best suited for USDA hardiness zones 10-11. It grows well in areas with consistent rainfall and temperatures between 70-90°F. Noni is sensitive to frost and should be protected or grown indoors in cooler regions.
- Soil: Noni prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil but can adapt to a variety of soil types, including slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.5-7.0). The tree can tolerate poor soils but performs best when organic matter is added.
Planting
- Location: Choose a sunny to partially shaded location with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Full sun promotes optimal fruiting, but Noni can tolerate some shade.
- Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil and add organic compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and fertility.
- Planting Time: Plant in spring or early summer when the soil has warmed up and the risk of frost has passed.
- Spacing: Space trees 10-15 feet apart to allow for their spreading canopy.
Watering
- Moderate Moisture: Water the tree regularly, especially during the growing season, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Noni can tolerate some drought but performs best with consistent moisture.
Sunlight and Fertilizing
- Full Sun to Partial Shade: Provide the tree with 6-8 hours of sunlight per day. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade may help protect the leaves from sunburn.
- Fertilizing: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer every 6-8 weeks during the growing season. Organic compost or liquid fertilizer can also be added to boost growth and fruit production.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Low Maintenance: Noni is a relatively low-maintenance tree. Prune to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the tree. Regular pruning helps improve air circulation and encourages better fruiting.
- Container Growing: Noni can be grown in large containers, making it suitable for patios or indoor growing in cooler climates. Ensure the container has good drainage and move the tree indoors during colder months.
Pest and Disease Management
- Common Pests: Noni is relatively pest-resistant but may attract mealybugs or scale. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage infestations.
- Diseases: Noni is resistant to most diseases but may suffer from root rot if overwatered. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogged soil and fungal issues.
Harvesting Noni Fruits
When to Harvest:
- Noni fruits are harvested year-round in tropical climates. The fruit is ready to harvest when it turns translucent and soft. It should be handled gently, as it bruises easily.
How to Use:
- Noni is typically consumed as juice, which is made by fermenting the ripe fruit. The juice can be drunk on its own or mixed with other fruit juices to improve the flavor. Noni is also used in powdered form as a dietary supplement or added to skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
